Answer:
Claim (Main idea)
Ground (Support)
Warrant (Inferences)
Backing
(Justifications)
How
do I go about supporting it? (ground)
What
makes me think that the support is appropriate? (warrant)
What
additional support do I have to validate further my claim? (backing)
Example:
Claim (main
idea):
“The Philadelphia Phillies will not be able to repeat as National League
baseball champions this season.” P. 201
Ground
(support):
“The Philadelphia Phillies are not likely to repeat as National League baseball
champs because they have released or traded four veteran players who provided
needed leadership down the home stretch last season. Furthermore, their young
players who played unevenly last year have not proven themselves over the long
haul. Finally, some of the older remaining veteran stars on the team had
lackluster seasons and show signs of
decline.” P. 201-202.
Warrant
(inferences):
“A baseball team needs to have proven players providing experienced leadership
in order t win the pennant in the highly competitive, evenly matched National
League.” P. 202.
Backing
(justifications):
“…we might back the warrant that a National League team needs proven players to
win the pennant by referring to the official records of major league baseball
and to sabermetrics, the mathematical and statistical analysis of baseball
records.” P. 202.
Comment: This is the Toulmin model for argument,
broken down into steps, terms, explanation and example. Useful. RayS.
Title: “Developing
Self-Monitored Comprehension Strategies Through Argument Structure Analysis.”
Julia T0-Dutka. Journal of Reading (November 1991), 200-205.
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